Science of Aging
Can NAD+ Reverse Aging? Exploring the Science Behind Longevity
Aging is a natural process, but advancements in science are uncovering ways to slow it down—
and even potentially reverse some of its effects. One of the most exciting discoveries in the field
of aging research is NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide), a coenzyme essential for
energy production and cellular repair. But what exactly is NAD+? Can NAD+ reverse aging?
And how do NAD+ supplements affect longevity? In this blog, we’ll dive deep into the research
and explore the anti-aging benefits of NAD+.
What is NAD+ and Can It Reverse Aging?
NAD+ is a critical molecule that exists in every cell of your body, helping convert food into
energy and supporting many vital processes, including DNA repair and the regulation of cellular
health. As you age, your levels of NAD+ decline, leading to reduced cellular function, fatigue,
and other signs of aging. But can restoring NAD+ levels truly reverse aging?
The Evidence for NAD+ and Aging
Several animal studies suggest that increasing NAD+ levels can indeed reverse age-related
decline. Research conducted on mice has shown that boosting NAD+ can restore mitochondrial
function (the part of the cell responsible for energy production), improve muscle strength, and
even enhance cognitive abilities. Mice that received NAD+ supplements showed signs of
improved health and longevity, hinting at the molecule’s potential to slow the aging process in
humans as well.
In human studies, preliminary trials indicate that NAD+ supplementation may enhance
metabolism, improve energy levels, and support cognitive function. While more research is
needed, early results show promise in the quest to reverse aging through NAD+ restoration.
How NAD+ Supplements Affect Aging and Longevity
With the decline of NAD+ levels contributing to aging and cellular dysfunction, many
individuals are turning to NAD+ supplements in the form of precursors like nicotinamide
riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). But how do these supplements work.
NAD+ Activates Sirtuins: Key Anti-Aging Proteins
regulating cellular health and promoting longevity. Sirtuins play a crucial role in protecting cells
from damage, reducing inflammation, and ensuring proper DNA repair—all essential factors in
delaying aging. Without adequate levels of NAD+, sirtuins cannot function properly, leading to
accelerated aging.
NAD+ and Mitochondrial Health
One of the most significant effects of NAD+ on aging is its impact on mitochondria, often
referred to as the powerhouse of the cell. Mitochondrial function declines as we age, leading to
lower energy production and higher oxidative stress. By replenishing NAD+ levels, supplements
help restore mitochondrial efficiency, resulting in improved energy levels and reduced cellular
damage.
NAD+ and DNA Repair
NAD+ and the Activation of Autophagy
NAD+ is important for starting autophagy, a process that helps clean up and recycle damaged cell components, which is vital for health and slowing down aging. Studies show that as we age, autophagy becomes less efficient, contributing to diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Boosting autophagy in animal models of these diseases has been found to slow their progression.
NAD+ activates autophagy through a signaling pathway involving SIRT1, which regulates proteins responsible for the process. Research has found that NAD+ supplements, like nicotinamide riboside (NR), can improve this cleanup process, especially in mice and human cells. This can reduce inflammation, prevent cell aging, and even extend lifespan in some cases. Importantly, NAD+ also connects DNA repair and mitochondrial health, both of which are key in preventing neurodegenerative conditions (Fang et al., 2017)
NAD+ and Longevity: What the Research Says
With the decline of NAD+ levels contributing to aging and cellular dysfunction, many
individuals are turning to NAD+ supplements in the form of precursors like nicotinamide
riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). But how do these supplements work?
NAD+ Extends Lifespan in Animal Models
In a study conducted by Dr. Johan Auwerx, mice treated with NAD+ precursors exhibited
improved mitochondrial function and increased lifespan. These mice not only lived longer but
also experienced enhanced physical performance and cognitive abilities, even in old age (Zhang et al. 2016)
NAD+ Benefits for Humans: Early Findings
Though human studies are still in their infancy, the results so far are encouraging. One study
published in Nature Communications found that NAD+ supplements improved muscle health
and physical endurance in elderly individuals. Another trial revealed improvements in cognitive
function, particularly in areas related to memory and learning, both of which tend to decline with
age (Martens et al., 2018)
While it’s too early to say for certain that NAD+ can significantly extend human lifespan, the
evidence suggests that maintaining higher NAD+ levels could improve healthspan—the period
of life spent in good health.
The Anti-Aging Benefits of NAD+ Supplements
What are the specific anti-aging benefits of NAD+? Let’s take a closer look at how NAD+
supplementation can positively impact your health and longevity:
1. Increased Energy and Vitality
NAD+ plays a key role in cellular energy production. By supporting mitochondrial function,
NAD+ supplements help boost energy levels, reducing fatigue and enhancing overall vitality—
especially in older adults.
2. Improved Cognitive Function
As NAD+ supports brain cell health and neuroplasticity, it can enhance memory, focus, and
learning capabilities. Research suggests that NAD+ supplementation may improve cognitive
performance and help protect against age-related cognitive decline.
3. Enhanced Muscle Strength and Endurance
Studies have shown that NAD+ can improve muscle health and endurance, which tend to
deteriorate with age. By replenishing NAD+ levels, individuals may experience better physical
performance and strength in their later years.
4. DNA Repair and Protection
NAD+ is essential for DNA repair, helping protect cells from mutations and damage that
contribute to aging. NAD+ supplements may enhance the body’s natural ability to repair DNA,
thereby slowing the aging process.
5. Reduced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
NAD+ activates sirtuins, which are involved in reducing inflammation and protecting cells from
oxidative stress. Lower oxidative stress helps minimize cellular damage, a major driver of aging.
Understanding the 12 Hallmarks of Aging and How NAD+ Combats Them
To fully appreciate the benefits of NAD+ for anti-aging, it’s important to understand the 12
Hallmarks of Aging—the biological processes that contribute to the aging process and the
development of age-related diseases. Some of these hallmarks include:
- Genomic instability: DNA damage and mutations
- Mitochondrial dysfunction: Decline in energy production
- Cellular senescence: Cells stop dividing and accumulate damage
- Stem cell exhaustion: Reduced regenerative capacity
NAD+ and the Hallmarks of Aging
NAD+ plays a role in addressing several of these hallmarks:
- Genomic instability: NAD+ supports DNA repair, protecting against mutations.
- Mitochondrial dysfunction: NAD+ helps rejuvenate mitochondria, enhancing energy
production and reducing oxidative stress. - Cellular senescence: By activating sirtuins, NAD+ delays the onset of cellular
senescence, keeping cells healthier for longer. - Stem cell exhaustion: NAD+ supports stem cell function, promoting tissue repair and
regeneration.
By addressing these hallmarks, NAD+ may not only slow the aging process but also help prevent
the onset of age-related diseases like Alzheimer’s, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.
Conclusion: Can NAD+ Reverse Aging and Promote Longevity?
the molecule’s critical role in maintaining cellular health, improving energy levels, and
potentially extending both lifespan and healthspan. NAD+ supplements have shown promise in
reversing age-related decline, improving cognitive function, and enhancing physical
performance.
As we continue to explore the full potential of NAD+ in anti-aging therapies, it may become an
essential part of longevity regimens in the near future.
At Axia Longevity, we are dedicated to helping you understand and explore the latest
advancements in healthy aging. Whether you’re interested in NAD+ supplementation or other
longevity strategies, we’re here to support your journey to a healthier, longer life.
References
Fang, E. F., Lautrup, S., Hou, Y., Demarest, T. G., Croteau, D. L., Mattson, M. P., & Bohr, V. A. (2017, October). NAD+ in Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Translational Implications. Trends in molecular medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7494058/
Martens, C. R., Denman, B. A., Mazzo, M. R., Armstrong, M. L., Reisdorph, N., McQueen, M. B., Chonchol, M., & Seals, D. R. (2018, March 29). Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Nature Communications. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03421-7
Zhang, H., Ryu, D., Wu, Y., Gariani, K., Wang, X., Luan, P., D’Amico, D., Ropelle, E. R., Lutolf, M. P., Aebersold, R., Schoonjans, K., Menzies, K. J., & Auwerx, J. (2016). NAD+ repletion improves mitochondrial and stem cell function and enhances life span in mice. Science, 352(6292), 1436–1443. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf2693
