The 12 Hallmarks of Aging

The “Hallmarks of Aging” are a set of cellular and molecular processes that underlie the aging process in organisms. Originally proposed by López-Otín et al. in 2013, these hallmarks represent key areas of biological damage and dysfunction that accumulate as an organism ages.

AXIA Cellenial works at a cellular level to target all 12 of these hallmarks.

1. Genomic instability: This involves various forms of damage to the DNA, including mutations, deletions, and rearrangements, which can accumulate over time and lead to cellular dysfunction.
2. Telomere attrition: Telomeres are protective caps on the ends of chromosomes that shorten with each cell division. As telomeres become shorter, cells can enter a state of senescence or die, contributing to aging.
3. Epigenetic alterations: Changes in gene expression patterns that occur without changes in DNA sequence. These alterations can affect how genes are turned on or off, leading to cellular dysfunction.
4. Loss of proteostasis: Decline in the cell’s ability to properly fold, assemble, and degrade proteins, leading to the accumulation of damaged proteins and aggregates, which is a hallmark of many age-related diseases.
5. Deregulated nutrient-sensing: Changes in signalling pathways that regulate nutrient uptake and metabolism, such as insulin and mTOR signalling, which can disrupt cellular homeostasis and contribute to aging.
6. Mitochondrial dysfunction: Decline in the function of mitochondria, the cell’s energy producers, leading to reduced energy production, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and impaired cellular function.
7. Cellular senescence: Permanent arrest of cell division in response to various stressors, leading to the accumulation of senescent cells (death of cells), which can promote inflammation and tissue dysfunction.
8. Chronic inflammation: A state of chronic, low-level, and systemic inflammation that significantly contributes to the onset of atherosclerotic heart diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.
9. Dysbiosis: An imbalance in the body’s natural microbial community, characterized by a decrease in beneficial microbes and an overgrowth of harmful ones, can result in brain dysfunction, weakened immune health, and chronic inflammation.
10. Altered cellular communication: Changes in the signaling molecules and pathways that cells use to communicate with each other, leading to disrupted tissue homeostasis and function.
11. Disabled Macroautophagy: A critical cellular mechanism that eliminates and recycles damaged cellular components. When this process is impaired, waste products can accumulate within cells, potentially leading to various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic conditions.
12. Stem cell exhaustion: Decline in the regenerative capacity of stem cells, which are responsible for replenishing damaged tissues and organs throughout life, leading to impaired tissue repair and regeneration.

Each of these hallmarks interacts with and influences the others, creating a complex network of biological processes that contribute to aging. You can see how interventions that focus on cellular health are critical to potentially slowing down or even reversing the aging process, thereby extending healthy lifespan and reducing the burden of age-related diseases. AXIA Cellenial is an unparalleled formula that does just that. You can see more of the science behind the solution here.